Concrete structures



Oct. 27, 1970 A. F. HOFF 3,535,838

CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed Dec. 13, 1966 m ggf ADAM E HOFF United StatesPatent O 3,535,838 CONCRETE STRUCTURES Adam Frank Hoi, RO. Box 493,Baltimore, Md. 21203 Filed Dec. 13, 1966, Ser. No. 601,401

. Int. Cl. E04b 2/18, 5/48, 7/06 U.S. Cl. 52-94 6 Claims ABSTRACT or THEDISCLOSURE My invention pertains to concrete floor and ceiling panels,consisting of top and bottom at surfaces, with longitudinal voids in'between said top and bottom surfaces, with a solid intervening layer inbetween said voids, with the panels having side wall extensions at theiropposite corners, and being each of substantially half the thickness ofthe panels, and of inside top and bottom surfaces, with tonguesextending downwardly from the inner top surfaces and correspondinggrooves extending upwardly from the opposite top inner surfaces, withthe tongues of one panel being adapted to telescope within the groovesof an adjacent panel, with the grooves being capable of holding a bondto hold the tongues within the grooves of joining each other panels.

My invention further pertains to top and bottom, and corner blocks tointegrate the walls of a structure, with the blocks having verticalvoids throughout the heights of the blocks, as each side of the blocks,with a solid area in between the voids, with the blocks having furtherlongitudinal tongues on the bottom center solid areas and correspondinggrooves on the top center solid areas of the block, with the end facesof the blocks having corresponding vertical tongues and correspondinglyengaging grooves, with the grooves being adapted to contain a bondingmaterial to fasten the tongues within the grooves, and so, integrating aStructure, with the blocks having further supports for roof ceiling andlioor structures.

Also, to provide troughs, and gutters, and spouts in the blocks, todrain off rain water, when assembled into a structure.

My invention pertains to concrete oor, ceiling, and roof panels to beused in structures.

Another object of the invention is to provide corner, and top, andbottom concrete blocks to integrate the walls of concrete structures.

The objects of the invention are accomplished by providing voids at eachside of the blocks and panels, and to provide intervening solid areas inbetween the voids, with the outside and inside voids interconnectingindependent of each other, thereby preventing outside moisture fromextending into the inside voids, and so, excluding moisture and dampnesson the inside of the structure.

The objects of the invention are further accomplished by providinglongitudinal tongues substantially central on the bottom of the blocksand panels and correspondingly central grooves on the top faces of theblocks and panels, and of larger displacements than the tongues, andbeing adapted, by Ibonding means, to fasten the blocks and panels toeach other in the construction of a structure.

Moreover, while in the case of blocks, the tongue and groovearrangements are further extended to the end faces of the blocks, in thecase of the iioor and ceiling panels, oppositely connected Wallextensions are adapted 3,535,838 Patented Oct. 27, 1970 to overlap oneextension over the other, with the downwardly depending tongues beingadapted to telescope with- 1n the grooves of adjacent panels, with thebonding elements between the grooves and the tongues serving to fastenthe panels to each other.

In case of roof panels, double tongue and groove seams may be provided,to prevent rain water from deteriorating the seams and leaking into thestructure. Again, in corner blocks, openings may be provided within theblocks to permit rain water from the roof panels to empty itselfdownwardly into the ground.

The advantages of the invention are more fully evident from thefollowing drawing and specification, wherein A b1FlkG. 1 illustrates across sectional View of an improved FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectionalview of two blocks joined together and the joint therebetween.

FIG. 3 illustrates a top cross sectional view of two blocks joining eachother at their end faces.

FIG. 4 illustrates a side cross sectional view of a top end block, witha fastened thereto of a supporting block and roof panel.

FIG. 5 illustrates a top cross sectional view of a corner block, withjoined blocks at each end.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross sectional view of a bottom end of a wall andthe underlying supporting block and iioor panel.

FIG. 7 illustrates a top plan View of a floor and ceiling panel.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross sectional view of a oor and ceiling panel.

FIG. 9 illustrates a cross sectional view of two floor and ceilingpanels joined together.

Referring to the drawing, 1 represents a concrete building block made ofany of the conventional materials used in the industry. 2 representsvertical voids through the height of the block, with 3 representing anintervening solid area in between the voids, throughout the height andlength of block.

y4 represents a longitudinal recess throughout the upper face of thecenter solid area, and which may further be reinforced as at 5 to affordextra strength at said recessed area. 4 represents an indicator todesignate the proper amount of bonding element to fasten thereto of acorresponding longitudinally extending tongue at the bottom central areaof the block, as 6, with the spacing 7 in between the groove and thetongue, serving to hold a bonding element to fasten one block toanother, with 8 representing the bonding element. 9 represents thejoining together of the end faces 10 and 11 of the blocks 12 and 13.

14- represents a roof panel having a void 15 and connecting voids 16 and17, to interconnect with the voids 18 and 19 of a joining block 20,which further connects with the voids 21 and 22 of the block 23 of awall structure 24, with 25 representing a terminal extension and servingto increase the support of the panel 14.

26 represents a floor block support having a terminal extension 27 tosupport a oor panel 28, with double voids 29 and 30 that connect withthe voids 31 and 32 of the floor block 26. The tongue and groove bondingmembers 34 and 35 serve to connect and bond the bottom wall block 36 andthe oor block 26.

37 represents a corner block, with joining thereto of the opposite wallblocks 38 and 39, with the tongue and groove bonding 40 and 41 being thesame as shown in FIG. 3, and joining their end faces `42 and 43, and 44and 45. 46 represent openings that serve as downspouts to dispose ofrain water that would run off from the tapered top surface 47 of theroof panel 14 into the gutter 48 that extends upwardly from the terminalprojection 49 of said wall end.

50 represents a floor and ceiling panel and roof panel, where its top 47is inclined to permit the draining of rain water, and having flat topand bottom sides 51 and 52, when used as floor and ceiling panels, andwhen used as roof panels, as 53 in FIG. 4, may have suitable tapers 54for rain water draining, with the panels having joining each otherlateral wall extensions 55 and 56 and correspondingly joining eachother, on the opposite sides, of lateral wall extensions 57 and 58. 59represents tongues on the joining surface of the wall extensions 57 and58, and 61 represents corresponding recesses on the joining surface ofthe extensions 55 and 56, with the tongues on the bottom top surfaces 60being adapted to telescope within the grooves 61, by means of a bondingelement 8, placed in between the tongues and the grooves, and so, bondthe panels into an integrated unit floor, ceiling, or roof structure.

62 and 63 represent voids, with 64 representing an intervening solidarea in between the voids, with the voids on the opposite sides beingindependently interconnected to each other, when assembled into a floor,ceiling, or roof, thereby preventing moisture and dampness from theoutside voids to cross into the inner voids of the panels of a wallstructure.

In the case of roof panelled structures, where outside atmosphericconditions tend to deteriorate the tongue on roof panels, to prevent theinner seals from deterioration.

I claim:

1. In a building structure comprising a side wall and roof panel inwhich the side wall is provided with inner and outer voids formed byinner and outer walls and an intermediate wall spaced therebetween andthe roof panel includes upper and lower voids dened by upper and lowerwalls with an intermediate wall therebetween, a monolithic concrete topblock comprising a bottom surface engaged with the upper surface of thebuilding side wall, said top block including a pair of passagesextending therethrough with the passages communicating with the voids ofthe side wall, the roof panel including an offset portion including anoutwardly facing flange and a downwardly facing flange disposed abovethe side wall, said top block including a top surface engaging thedownwardly facing flange on the roof panel and an inner surface engagingthe outwardly facing flange on the roof panel, one of the passages inthe top block communicating with the top surface thereof and the otherpassage communicating with the inner surface thereof, the upper void insaid roof panel communicated with the downwardly facing flange and thelower void in said roof panel communicated with the outwardly facingflange thereof for communicating the voids in the side wall with thevoids in the roof panel.

2. The top block as defined in claim 1 wherein the bottom surface ofsaid top block includes a depending tongue extending continuously fromend to end centrally thereof and between the passages for telescopicregistry in a groove in the top surface of the side wall, the topsurface of said top block including upstanding projections defining agroove outwardly of the passage therethrough communicating with the topsurface for receiving a depending tongue on the downwardly facing flangeon the roof panel.

3. The top block as defined in claim 2 wherein the top block includes anouter surface substantially flush with the outer surface of the roofpanel and spaced outwardly from the outer surface of the side wall, andan upwardly extending eave member attached to the outer 4 surface of thetop block and extending above the roof panel for sealing engagementtherewith.

4. In a building structure including a side wall having spaced inner andouter voids defined by spaced walls and an intermediate wall and a deckpanel including vertically spaced voids dened by upper and lower wallsand an intermediate wall, a bottom block having an L-shaped passagetherethrough with one leg of the passage communicating with the topsurface of the block and the outer leg communicating with the innersurface thereof, the deck panel including a recess in one edge thereofcommunicating with the lower void therein and receiving the inner andtop surfaces of the bottom block, with L- shaped passage in the bottomblock communicated with the outer void in the deck panel, the portion ofthe deck panel overlying the bottom block including a passagewaytherethrough communicating with the L-shaped passage in the bottom blockand the outer void in the side wall,

the top surface of said bottom block including a groove therein inwardlyof the L-shaped passage receiving a depending tongue on the deck panel,said deck panel extending in underlying relation to the side wall andincluding a passageway therein communicating with the inner voids in theside wall and the upper void in the deck panel, said deck panelincluding an upwardly facing groove in the upper surface thereof betweenthe passageways receiving a depending tongue on the intermediate wall ofthe side wall, said bottom block including an outer surface having arecess in the upper outer corner thereof, said deck panel including adepending ange on the outer edge thereof received in said recess forforming a seal with the bottom block.

5. The bottom block as defined in claim 4 wherein each of said tongueshas a depth less than the depth of the corresponding groove and lessthan the width of the corresponding groove whereby mortar disposed inthe groove will engage the bottom as well as the two sides of the tonguefor bonding the bottom block to the deck panel, and the deck panel tothe side wall.

6. A monolithic concrete building panel comprising an upper wall and alower wall disposed in substantially parallel spaced relation to providea void therebetween, an intermediate wall spaced from the upper andlower walls to divide the voids into upper and lower voids completelyisolated from each other, side edge walls interconnecting said upper,lower and intermediate walls with the ends of the voids being open forcommunication with similar panels when assembled in end to end relation,the upper of said walls being offset diagonally in relation to the lowerwall with the intermediate wall being coextensive with both the upperand lower wall to provide a pair of peripherally adjacent upwardlyfacing flanges and a pair of peripherally adjacent downwardly facingflanges on the intermediate wall, a laterally facing tongue ondownwardly facing flanges and a laterally opening groove on the upwardlyfacing flanges for interlocking engagament when adjacent panels areassembled in a vertical direction with the flanges overlapping, thetongue having a width and height less than the width and depth of thegroove s'o that mortar placed in the groove will engage the tongue alongthe bottom and both side surfaces thereof for forming a bond and sealtherebetween.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,038,467 9/1912 Westendorf 52-16X 1,046,910 12/1912 Wagner 52-11 X 1,539,611 5/1925 Trowbridge 52-3031,562,728 11/ 1925 Albrecht 52-505 1,652,743 12/1927 Smith 52-2862,134,637 10/1938 Loucks 52-503 2,184,714 12/1939 Freeman 52-220 X2,882,715 4/ 1959 Zagray 52-436 3,204,381 9/1965 Perreton 52309 (Otherreferences on following page) 5 FOREIGN PATENTS Austria. France.Germany. Great Britain. Great Britain. Great Britain. Italy.

6 6/1961 Canada.

5 HENRY C. SUTHERLAND, Primary Examiner U.S. C1. XR.

